Where do I start?Look over your phone bills to see what long distance rates you're paying and how long typical calls last. Are you paying a fee each month to get those rates? How many total minutes per month to frequent call destinations? Compare your calling patterns to the terms offered by several phone plans.
If you make toll calls inside your state, always check the rate for instate calls. Some plans advertise a low interstate or "state-to-state" rate, but charge more for instate calls.
Are 10-10 long distance rates better than regular long distance rates?They definitely can be the best deal. For example, can you get regular long distance rates under 5 cents per minute for both interstate and instate? How about international rates as low as 4 cents per minute? However, check the details covered in the next two questions to make sure which type of 1010 code is the best deal for YOUR NEEDS:
What about long distance like 1010220 that bills a minimum charge per call?Be careful when calling a number that's likely to have an answering machine pick up, or when the person you're calling may not be there, but someone else will answer the phone. We recommend using a phone plan that has a low, one minute minimum rate. Once you've contacted a real person, you can always call back using the plan with a cheaper 10 minute minimum. If you are calling a country whose phone system has frequent disconnects, it may be best to avoid using a plan that bills more than a one minute minimum. Also be careful with plans like 1010228, 1010297, 1010345, 1010457, 1010719 and 1010987, which have per-call connect fees (from 39� to as much as 99� or more per call).
Millions of people got stuck with a 99-cent bill for a call that lasted one-minute or less with 1010220! However, one 1010 code charges as little as a 3� minimum per call (Based on 5.5� a minute with only a 30-second minimum billing per call). See the State-to-State rates page to compare U.S. rates or the International Rates pages for calls abroad.
If a phone plan has a lower rate per minute and a monthly fee, how do I compare it to plans without a service fee?This advice applies to any type of phone plan: If you primarily call one state or one country, look at how much you save per minute with the lower rate. Multiply the savings by the number of minutes you expect to call each month. For example, if the difference is 5� per minute and you call three hours per month: 180 minutes x 5� = $9 difference. With a monthly fee of $4, you still come out ahead by $5 ( $9 minus $4 equals $5 savings). If you frequently call a number of places with different rates, figure out the savings for each type of call separately. Then add all the savings together and compare to the monthly fee.
Depending on the company, unless you start near the beginning of the month you could get billed a full fee for a partial month. If that's a concern, ask them if they bill on a calendar month or a cycle from the day you start. Then ask if they prorate fees for partial months. When not prorated, you would be billed a full fee that month.
Should I use more than one phone plan?The great thing about dial around plans listed on this site is you don�t have to choose one plan! One or two low rate dial around plans may be all you need.
When a dial around plan increases rates or decreases customer service, you can start using another plan instantly without paying a fee to switch.
http://www.1010phonerates.com
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
Tuesday, June 10, 2008
dial-1 plans for your home or business (Plans you sign up for as your regular long distance provider)
Everdial Long Distance 4.9� state-to-state rate, 24hours 7 days a week. 30 second initial, 6 second increments. Excellent international rates, low in-state rates. NO MONTHLY MINIMUMS or FEES. A 99� Carrier Recovery Fee takes the place of the 3% Federal tax.
PNG Long Distance 3.9� rate applies all day, every day for state-to-state calls in the contiguous 48 states. Now has a 99� monthly fee. Awesome international rates: (rates to call landline phones shown -- check website for rates to call mobile phones) France 4.4�, Germany 4.4�, India from 15.3 - 20.2�, Japan 5.5�, Mexico from 4.5 - 13.1�, Poland 5.3�, Russia 3.6 - 8.1� , South Korea 4.9�, Taiwan from 4.5�, Thailand 9.5�, U.K. 4.4�.
PNG also offers stand-alone toll free service, local phone service, high speed internet and cellular plans with very low international rates and a referral plan. Service not available in Hawaii and Alaska. All calls to Hawaii and Alaska are 15.9� per minute. Visit PNG Long Distance website for in-state rates, other info. and to order service.
Dialuno "Primero" 1 plus plan 3.8� rate applies 24 hours/7 days a week for all state-to-state calls. billed in 6 second increments Great international rates, especially to Mexico and South American countries. Toll free numbers available at no extra charge and will bill incoming at same rates. Primus Telecommunications, Inc does the billing and customer service, calls are carried on the MCI network and Alliance AT&T network. A .95 Carrier Recovery Fee is added in any month the service is used. There is a minimal billing requirement of $5/month which means:If monthly usage totals less than $5, your bill will be adjusted to meet the $5 minimum.
ECG Long Distance 2.5� state-to-state rate if billed by E-bill only and credit card. Also billed in 6 second increments. ECG also has toll free numbers available at no extra charge and incoming billing at same rates. $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, requires EasyPay and EasyBill. EasyBill is ECG's paperless billing option that lets customers receive their monthly ECG bill online. EasyPay is ECG's paperless payment option that lets customers pay their monthly ECG bill electronically via credit/debit card or bank draft.3.5� state-to-state rate if you wish a paper bill and/or pay by check or other method $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, plus paper bill processing fee of $2.50ECG is available in approximately 80% of the country. When you request service, it will tell you if they don't serve your area.
PNG Long Distance 3.9� rate applies all day, every day for state-to-state calls in the contiguous 48 states. Now has a 99� monthly fee. Awesome international rates: (rates to call landline phones shown -- check website for rates to call mobile phones) France 4.4�, Germany 4.4�, India from 15.3 - 20.2�, Japan 5.5�, Mexico from 4.5 - 13.1�, Poland 5.3�, Russia 3.6 - 8.1� , South Korea 4.9�, Taiwan from 4.5�, Thailand 9.5�, U.K. 4.4�.
PNG also offers stand-alone toll free service, local phone service, high speed internet and cellular plans with very low international rates and a referral plan. Service not available in Hawaii and Alaska. All calls to Hawaii and Alaska are 15.9� per minute. Visit PNG Long Distance website for in-state rates, other info. and to order service.
Dialuno "Primero" 1 plus plan 3.8� rate applies 24 hours/7 days a week for all state-to-state calls. billed in 6 second increments Great international rates, especially to Mexico and South American countries. Toll free numbers available at no extra charge and will bill incoming at same rates. Primus Telecommunications, Inc does the billing and customer service, calls are carried on the MCI network and Alliance AT&T network. A .95 Carrier Recovery Fee is added in any month the service is used. There is a minimal billing requirement of $5/month which means:If monthly usage totals less than $5, your bill will be adjusted to meet the $5 minimum.
ECG Long Distance 2.5� state-to-state rate if billed by E-bill only and credit card. Also billed in 6 second increments. ECG also has toll free numbers available at no extra charge and incoming billing at same rates. $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, requires EasyPay and EasyBill. EasyBill is ECG's paperless billing option that lets customers receive their monthly ECG bill online. EasyPay is ECG's paperless payment option that lets customers pay their monthly ECG bill electronically via credit/debit card or bank draft.3.5� state-to-state rate if you wish a paper bill and/or pay by check or other method $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, plus paper bill processing fee of $2.50ECG is available in approximately 80% of the country. When you request service, it will tell you if they don't serve your area.
Answers to common dial around questions
1) How can I contact phone companies to get more information?Toll free phone numbers and links to websites are on the State-to-State Rates page. That page also lists which companies own the 10-10 numbers -- for example AT&T owns 1010 345. MCI owns TelecomUSA and 1010 987, 1010 220, 1010 321. You can also read more details by clicking the 1010 Services Description Pages links below.
2) Do all of these plans work in my state? ...if I change local phone companies?Not all plans work in all states; visit our Within Your State page for a list of restrictions we are aware of.Rates listed are for calls placed from the continental United States. If available in Alaska and Hawaii, rates may be higher.Some local exchange carriers (your local telephone company) may not support all plans. Check before switching local service. Even the Comcast Broadband (digital cable) local service does not support most 10-10 plans
3) How are dial around calls billed?Most 10-10 plans are billed with your local phone bill, each plan showing on a separate page.
4) What are the billing increments? Most dial around plans listed bill in one-minute increments. Some, such as 1010 220, 1010 228, 1010 297, 1010 811 and 1010 987 have an initial minimum number of minutes or connect fee. See our rates pages for details.
5) Does using a dial around plan cause my regular "dial 1" service to be switched?No. If your regular plan is switched without your permission, visit the FCC's Slamming rules and rights page.
6) When do I dial the 10-1x-xxx code?First dial the plan's seven-digit code ( such as 10-10-228, for example ), then the phone number you are calling. If you normally need to dial a "1" before the phone number, dial the 10-1x-xxx code first, then "1", then the area code and phone number. You may not hear a dial tone after dialing the access code, just continue dialing the phone number.International calls: most require dialing "011" instead of "1". Some countries/territories require 1+ area code.
7) What is the USF (Universal Service Fund) fee?Answer from Federal Communications Commission documents: A universal fund which helps compensate telephone companies for providing access to services at affordable rates throughout the country, including rural, insular and high cost areas, and to public institutions. These fees have been charged in connection with consumers' long distance service. The amounts charged and the name describing the universal service-related fees vary considerably among carriers. Some carriers have labeled the fee as "Universal Connectivity Charge," "Federal Universal Service Fee," "Carrier Universal Service Charge (CUSC)," and even "Local Service Subsidy." Notes from this website: USF charges are usually added as a percentage at the end of the calendar month. Depending on your billing cycle, you may see calls charged on one bill, then the USF on those calls the next bill. 1010 220 and 1010 987 were calculating and billing their USF fees weekly, according to users who had emailed me about their bills.
8) Why are some plans not listed?Some plans are only available in a few states. Others are impractical to list because they're too expensive or complicated to use. The 1010 502 plan is not listed because it has promotional test rates that can change frequently. I've seen dial arounds that bill in 3-minute increments (for example, 101 5992). Those are not listed because the rounding up to 3-minutes could make the rate tables misleading to consumers. For example, if a 15-minute call costs 60 cents, a call that goes just 1 second longer gets billed 3 more minutes and costs 72 cents.
9) Can I use a dial-around plan from a pay phone or hotel?Definitely not from a pay phone, and not from most hotels.
10) Where else would I not be able to use a dial-around plan?Cellular phones, most institutional phone systems-- such as hospital rooms and inmate lines. Some business and dormitory phone systems may not support dial-arounds.
11) Can these dial around plans be used from outside of the United States?No, at this time the dial around plans shown on this site are only available for calls made from the U.S.With most plans you can make calls to any country from the U.S.
12) Why are some countries not listed in the International Rates?In order to keep the original regional tables updated frequently, I focus on 122 countries there. All international rates for more than 200 countries and territories are available via the call-time rate comparisons interactive database.
13) Which of the 10-10 numbers is best for me?The great thing about dial around plans listed on this site is you don't have to choose one plan! You can use several for the best savings on different types of calls.For tips on how to choose the best plan for you, visit our How to Choose a plan page.
14) Do I need to have a long distance carrier assigned to my phone line? No. You can request that no long distance company be assigned to your phone line. This includes removing your existing carrier. Any 10-10 or other dial-around numbers that work from your phone now will continue to work after dropping your long distance carrier. And you will still be able to dial toll-free numbers (800, 888, etc) directly.However, some local phone companies charge a one time fee of about $5 to process the removal of carrier request. Businesses may also be charged a continuing monthly PICC fee on additional lines. That is in addition to the Federal Subscriber Line Charge (sometimes billed as something like "Charges for Network Access for Interstate Calling") authorized by the FCC and currently billed by your local carrier.
Check with your local phone company to find out their policy.Potential reasons to do this:
You mostly use dial around plans now. You find the fees and taxes of the pre-subscribed carrier cost too much compared to the phone calls made with them.
Your phone plan charges a fee when the amount spent with them goes below a minimum level. In months you go below that level a "penalty fee" of around $4 gets charged!
You live with family members that forget to use dial around codes and you end up getting billed some ridiculous rate (such as 28� per minute) for long interstate phone calls.Potential reasons not to do this:
When making a short call, you find it irritating to dial the extra 7 digits of a dial around code for the savings realized. Tip: A phone with speed-dial buttons helps overcome this. You can still dial toll-free "800" numbers without a 10-10 code.
You like the directory assistance of your current long distance provider. Tip: Check with your local phone company to see if they offer long distance directory assistance via 411 for a reasonable fee. Calling cards and MCI�s 10-10-9000 offer alternatives. Perhaps the best alternative is to get free online directory assistance-- visit our Related Links page for that
It may be better to switch to another "dial 1" plan that has better rates or lower fees than your current plan. For some options, see our Other Phone Plans advertising page.
Some local phone companies are not set up for all of the plans to work. Test the 10-10 numbers you plan to use before dropping your regular service!
2) Do all of these plans work in my state? ...if I change local phone companies?Not all plans work in all states; visit our Within Your State page for a list of restrictions we are aware of.Rates listed are for calls placed from the continental United States. If available in Alaska and Hawaii, rates may be higher.Some local exchange carriers (your local telephone company) may not support all plans. Check before switching local service. Even the Comcast Broadband (digital cable) local service does not support most 10-10 plans
3) How are dial around calls billed?Most 10-10 plans are billed with your local phone bill, each plan showing on a separate page.
4) What are the billing increments? Most dial around plans listed bill in one-minute increments. Some, such as 1010 220, 1010 228, 1010 297, 1010 811 and 1010 987 have an initial minimum number of minutes or connect fee. See our rates pages for details.
5) Does using a dial around plan cause my regular "dial 1" service to be switched?No. If your regular plan is switched without your permission, visit the FCC's Slamming rules and rights page.
6) When do I dial the 10-1x-xxx code?First dial the plan's seven-digit code ( such as 10-10-228, for example ), then the phone number you are calling. If you normally need to dial a "1" before the phone number, dial the 10-1x-xxx code first, then "1", then the area code and phone number. You may not hear a dial tone after dialing the access code, just continue dialing the phone number.International calls: most require dialing "011" instead of "1". Some countries/territories require 1+ area code.
7) What is the USF (Universal Service Fund) fee?Answer from Federal Communications Commission documents: A universal fund which helps compensate telephone companies for providing access to services at affordable rates throughout the country, including rural, insular and high cost areas, and to public institutions. These fees have been charged in connection with consumers' long distance service. The amounts charged and the name describing the universal service-related fees vary considerably among carriers. Some carriers have labeled the fee as "Universal Connectivity Charge," "Federal Universal Service Fee," "Carrier Universal Service Charge (CUSC)," and even "Local Service Subsidy." Notes from this website: USF charges are usually added as a percentage at the end of the calendar month. Depending on your billing cycle, you may see calls charged on one bill, then the USF on those calls the next bill. 1010 220 and 1010 987 were calculating and billing their USF fees weekly, according to users who had emailed me about their bills.
8) Why are some plans not listed?Some plans are only available in a few states. Others are impractical to list because they're too expensive or complicated to use. The 1010 502 plan is not listed because it has promotional test rates that can change frequently. I've seen dial arounds that bill in 3-minute increments (for example, 101 5992). Those are not listed because the rounding up to 3-minutes could make the rate tables misleading to consumers. For example, if a 15-minute call costs 60 cents, a call that goes just 1 second longer gets billed 3 more minutes and costs 72 cents.
9) Can I use a dial-around plan from a pay phone or hotel?Definitely not from a pay phone, and not from most hotels.
10) Where else would I not be able to use a dial-around plan?Cellular phones, most institutional phone systems-- such as hospital rooms and inmate lines. Some business and dormitory phone systems may not support dial-arounds.
11) Can these dial around plans be used from outside of the United States?No, at this time the dial around plans shown on this site are only available for calls made from the U.S.With most plans you can make calls to any country from the U.S.
12) Why are some countries not listed in the International Rates?In order to keep the original regional tables updated frequently, I focus on 122 countries there. All international rates for more than 200 countries and territories are available via the call-time rate comparisons interactive database.
13) Which of the 10-10 numbers is best for me?The great thing about dial around plans listed on this site is you don't have to choose one plan! You can use several for the best savings on different types of calls.For tips on how to choose the best plan for you, visit our How to Choose a plan page.
14) Do I need to have a long distance carrier assigned to my phone line? No. You can request that no long distance company be assigned to your phone line. This includes removing your existing carrier. Any 10-10 or other dial-around numbers that work from your phone now will continue to work after dropping your long distance carrier. And you will still be able to dial toll-free numbers (800, 888, etc) directly.However, some local phone companies charge a one time fee of about $5 to process the removal of carrier request. Businesses may also be charged a continuing monthly PICC fee on additional lines. That is in addition to the Federal Subscriber Line Charge (sometimes billed as something like "Charges for Network Access for Interstate Calling") authorized by the FCC and currently billed by your local carrier.
Check with your local phone company to find out their policy.Potential reasons to do this:
You mostly use dial around plans now. You find the fees and taxes of the pre-subscribed carrier cost too much compared to the phone calls made with them.
Your phone plan charges a fee when the amount spent with them goes below a minimum level. In months you go below that level a "penalty fee" of around $4 gets charged!
You live with family members that forget to use dial around codes and you end up getting billed some ridiculous rate (such as 28� per minute) for long interstate phone calls.Potential reasons not to do this:
When making a short call, you find it irritating to dial the extra 7 digits of a dial around code for the savings realized. Tip: A phone with speed-dial buttons helps overcome this. You can still dial toll-free "800" numbers without a 10-10 code.
You like the directory assistance of your current long distance provider. Tip: Check with your local phone company to see if they offer long distance directory assistance via 411 for a reasonable fee. Calling cards and MCI�s 10-10-9000 offer alternatives. Perhaps the best alternative is to get free online directory assistance-- visit our Related Links page for that
It may be better to switch to another "dial 1" plan that has better rates or lower fees than your current plan. For some options, see our Other Phone Plans advertising page.
Some local phone companies are not set up for all of the plans to work. Test the 10-10 numbers you plan to use before dropping your regular service!
Fiber-optic communication
er-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. First developed in the 1970s, fiber-optic communication systems have revolutionized the telecommunications industry and played a major role in the advent of the Information Age. Because of its advantages over electrical transmission, the use of optical fiber has largely replaced copper wire communications in core networks in the developed world.
The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps: Creating the optical signal using a transmitter, relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak, and receiving the optical signal and converting it into an electrical signal.
Here are our recommendations:
Everdial Long Distance 4.9cents state-to-state rate, 24hours 7 days a week. 30 second initial, 6 second increments. Excellent international rates, low in-state rates. NO MONTHLY MINIMUMS or FEES. A 99cents Carrier Recovery Fee takes the place of the 3% Federal tax.
PNG Long Distance 3.9cents rate applies all day, every day for state-to-state calls in the contiguous 48 states. Now has a 99cents monthly fee. Awesome international rates! PNG also offers stand-alone toll free service, local phone service, high speed internet and cellular plans with very low international rates and a referral plan. Visit PNG Long Distance website for in-state rates, other info. and to order service.
Dialuno "Primero" 1 plus plan 3.8cents rate applies 24 hours/7 days a week for all state-to-state calls. billed in 6 second increments Great international rates, especially to Mexico and South American countries. Toll free numbers available at no extra charge and will bill incoming at same rates. Primus Telecommunications, Inc does the billing and customer service, calls are carried on the MCI network and Alliance AT&T network. A .95 Carrier Recovery Fee is added in any month the service is used. There is a minimal billing requirement of $5/month which means:If monthly usage totals less than $5, your bill will be adjusted to meet the $5 minimum.
ECG Long Distance 2.5cents state-to-state rate if billed by E-bill only and credit card. Also billed in 6 second increments. ECG also has toll free numbers available at no extra charge and incoming billing at same rates. $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, requires EasyPay and EasyBill. EasyBill is ECG's paperless billing option that lets customers receive their monthly ECG bill online. EasyPay is ECG's paperless payment option that lets customers pay their monthly ECG bill electronically via credit/debit card or bank draft.3.5cents state-to-state rate if you wish a paper bill and/or pay by check or other method $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, plus paper bill processing fee of $2.50ECG is available in approximately 80% of the country. When you request service, it will tell you if they don't serve your area.
The process of communicating using fiber-optics involves the following basic steps: Creating the optical signal using a transmitter, relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak, and receiving the optical signal and converting it into an electrical signal.
Here are our recommendations:
Everdial Long Distance 4.9cents state-to-state rate, 24hours 7 days a week. 30 second initial, 6 second increments. Excellent international rates, low in-state rates. NO MONTHLY MINIMUMS or FEES. A 99cents Carrier Recovery Fee takes the place of the 3% Federal tax.
PNG Long Distance 3.9cents rate applies all day, every day for state-to-state calls in the contiguous 48 states. Now has a 99cents monthly fee. Awesome international rates! PNG also offers stand-alone toll free service, local phone service, high speed internet and cellular plans with very low international rates and a referral plan. Visit PNG Long Distance website for in-state rates, other info. and to order service.
Dialuno "Primero" 1 plus plan 3.8cents rate applies 24 hours/7 days a week for all state-to-state calls. billed in 6 second increments Great international rates, especially to Mexico and South American countries. Toll free numbers available at no extra charge and will bill incoming at same rates. Primus Telecommunications, Inc does the billing and customer service, calls are carried on the MCI network and Alliance AT&T network. A .95 Carrier Recovery Fee is added in any month the service is used. There is a minimal billing requirement of $5/month which means:If monthly usage totals less than $5, your bill will be adjusted to meet the $5 minimum.
ECG Long Distance 2.5cents state-to-state rate if billed by E-bill only and credit card. Also billed in 6 second increments. ECG also has toll free numbers available at no extra charge and incoming billing at same rates. $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, requires EasyPay and EasyBill. EasyBill is ECG's paperless billing option that lets customers receive their monthly ECG bill online. EasyPay is ECG's paperless payment option that lets customers pay their monthly ECG bill electronically via credit/debit card or bank draft.3.5cents state-to-state rate if you wish a paper bill and/or pay by check or other method $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, plus paper bill processing fee of $2.50ECG is available in approximately 80% of the country. When you request service, it will tell you if they don't serve your area.
Optical Fiber
An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber that carries light along its length. Fiber optics is the overlap of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers. Optical fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communication, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher data rates than other forms of communications. Fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with less loss, and they are immune to electromagnetic interference. Optical fibers are also used to form sensors, and in a variety of other applications.
Light is kept in the "core" of the optical fiber by total internal reflection. This causes the fiber to act as a waveguide. Fibers which support many propagation paths or transverse modes are called multimode fibers (MMF). Fibers which support only a single mode are called singlemode fibers (SMF). Multimode fibers generally have a large-diameter core, and are used for short-distance communication links or for applications where high power must be transmitted. Singlemode fibers are used for most communication links longer than 200 meters.
Joining lengths of optical fiber is more complex than joining electrical wire or cable. The ends of the fibers must be carefully cleaved, and then spliced together either mechanically or by fusing them together with an electric arc. Special connectors are used to make removable connections.
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
"Movil" is a "Stand Alone" Mobile Calling Plan to use from your cell phone (through an access number) that lets you enjoy our super international rates. Works with all mobile providers.
More information Click here
Light is kept in the "core" of the optical fiber by total internal reflection. This causes the fiber to act as a waveguide. Fibers which support many propagation paths or transverse modes are called multimode fibers (MMF). Fibers which support only a single mode are called singlemode fibers (SMF). Multimode fibers generally have a large-diameter core, and are used for short-distance communication links or for applications where high power must be transmitted. Singlemode fibers are used for most communication links longer than 200 meters.
Joining lengths of optical fiber is more complex than joining electrical wire or cable. The ends of the fibers must be carefully cleaved, and then spliced together either mechanically or by fusing them together with an electric arc. Special connectors are used to make removable connections.
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
"Movil" is a "Stand Alone" Mobile Calling Plan to use from your cell phone (through an access number) that lets you enjoy our super international rates. Works with all mobile providers.
More information Click here
Cellular Network
A cellular network is a radio network made up of a number of radio cells (or just cells) each served by a fixed transmitter, known as a cell site or base station. These cells are used to cover different areas in order to provide radio coverage over a wider area than the area of one cell.
Cellular networks are inherently asymmetric with a set of fixed main transceivers each serving a cell and a set of distributed (generally, but not always, mobile) transceivers which provide services to the network's users.
Cellular networks offer a number of advantages over alternative solutions:
increased capacity
reduced power usage
better coverage
A good (and simple) example of a cellular system is an old taxi driver's radio system where the taxi company will have several transmitters based around a city each operated by an individual operator.
dialaround1010.com
Have put together the most aggressive plan possible for calling without switching your long distance carrier. 5.5¢ per minute state-to-state rate (billed in six-second increments)
Billed separately by Primus Telecommunications, Inc. must register first to get 1010 code.
Add your mobile phone at no additional cost and make international calls at the same rates.
Cellular networks are inherently asymmetric with a set of fixed main transceivers each serving a cell and a set of distributed (generally, but not always, mobile) transceivers which provide services to the network's users.
Cellular networks offer a number of advantages over alternative solutions:
increased capacity
reduced power usage
better coverage
A good (and simple) example of a cellular system is an old taxi driver's radio system where the taxi company will have several transmitters based around a city each operated by an individual operator.
dialaround1010.com
Have put together the most aggressive plan possible for calling without switching your long distance carrier. 5.5¢ per minute state-to-state rate (billed in six-second increments)
Billed separately by Primus Telecommunications, Inc. must register first to get 1010 code.
Add your mobile phone at no additional cost and make international calls at the same rates.
Monday, June 9, 2008
Cell Sites
A cell site is a term used primarily in North America for a site where antennas and electronic communications equipment are placed to create a cell in a mobile phone network (cellular network). A cell site is composed of a tower or other elevated structure for mounting antennas, and one or more sets of transmitter/receivers transceivers, digital signal processors, control electronics, a GPS receiver for timing (for CDMA2000 or IS-95 systems), regular and backup electrical power sources, and sheltering.
A synonym for "cell site" is "cell tower", although many cell site antennas are mounted on buildings rather than as towers. In GSM networks, the technically correct term is Base Transceiver Station (BTS), and colloquial British English synonyms are "mobile phone mast" or "base station". The term "base station site" might better reflect the increasing co-location of multiple mobile operators, and therefore multiple base stations, at a single site. Depending on an operator's technology, even a site hosting just a single mobile operator may house multiple base stations, each to serve a different air interface technology (CDMA or GSM, for example).
Preserved treescapes can often hide cell towers inside an artificial tree or preserved tree. These installations are generally referred to as concealed cell sites or stealth cell sites.
Place in the wireless network
Cell sites are connected via copper facilities, optical fiber, or microwave. Copper facilities deliver either T1s or E1s, while microwave and optical fiber can offer T3s or Ethernet in addition to T1s or E1s. Copper facilities and optical fiber are usually provided as part of a service from the incumbent telephone company, but microwave is generally self-built by the mobile telephone company. Whatever the connection, the next elements in the mobile telephone network are Base Station Controllers (BSCs) and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) at the mobile telephone switching office (MTSO). The base station controller is connected to a telephone switch, which is connected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN), while the Radio Network Controller handles 3G service, and is connected to Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), which is in turn connected to a data network, a telephone switch, or both.
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
Everdial Mobile
How it Works: Once you sign up, you will dial into an Access Number.You can program this into your phone.The system will answer and recognize your wireless phone number.Just dial the country code and number -That's It!
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A synonym for "cell site" is "cell tower", although many cell site antennas are mounted on buildings rather than as towers. In GSM networks, the technically correct term is Base Transceiver Station (BTS), and colloquial British English synonyms are "mobile phone mast" or "base station". The term "base station site" might better reflect the increasing co-location of multiple mobile operators, and therefore multiple base stations, at a single site. Depending on an operator's technology, even a site hosting just a single mobile operator may house multiple base stations, each to serve a different air interface technology (CDMA or GSM, for example).
Preserved treescapes can often hide cell towers inside an artificial tree or preserved tree. These installations are generally referred to as concealed cell sites or stealth cell sites.
Place in the wireless network
Cell sites are connected via copper facilities, optical fiber, or microwave. Copper facilities deliver either T1s or E1s, while microwave and optical fiber can offer T3s or Ethernet in addition to T1s or E1s. Copper facilities and optical fiber are usually provided as part of a service from the incumbent telephone company, but microwave is generally self-built by the mobile telephone company. Whatever the connection, the next elements in the mobile telephone network are Base Station Controllers (BSCs) and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) at the mobile telephone switching office (MTSO). The base station controller is connected to a telephone switch, which is connected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN), while the Radio Network Controller handles 3G service, and is connected to Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), which is in turn connected to a data network, a telephone switch, or both.
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GSM - Global System for Mobile communications
Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. Its promoter, the GSM Association, estimates that 82% of the global mobile market uses the standard. GSM is used by over 3 billion people across more than 212 countries and territories. Its ubiquity makes international roaming very common between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the world. GSM differs from its predecessors in that both signalling and speech channels are digital, and thus is considered a second generation (2G) mobile phone system. This has also meant that data communication was easy to build into the system.
The ubiquity of the GSM standard has been advantageous to both consumers (who benefit from the ability to roam and switch carriers without switching phones) and also to network operators (who can choose equipment from any of the many vendors implementing GSM). GSM also pioneered a low-cost alternative to voice calls, the Short message service (SMS, also called "text messaging"), which is now supported on other mobile standards as well. Another advantage is that the standard includes one worldwide Emergency telephone number, 112. This makes it easier for international travellers to connect to emergency services without knowing the local emergency number.
Newer versions of the standard were backward-compatible with the original GSM phones. For example, Release '97 of the standard added packet data capabilities, by means of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). Release '99 introduced higher speed data transmission using Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).
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The ubiquity of the GSM standard has been advantageous to both consumers (who benefit from the ability to roam and switch carriers without switching phones) and also to network operators (who can choose equipment from any of the many vendors implementing GSM). GSM also pioneered a low-cost alternative to voice calls, the Short message service (SMS, also called "text messaging"), which is now supported on other mobile standards as well. Another advantage is that the standard includes one worldwide Emergency telephone number, 112. This makes it easier for international travellers to connect to emergency services without knowing the local emergency number.
Newer versions of the standard were backward-compatible with the original GSM phones. For example, Release '97 of the standard added packet data capabilities, by means of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). Release '99 introduced higher speed data transmission using Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).
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Mobile phone
The mobile phone (also called a mobile, wireless, cellular phone, cell phone, or hand phone(hp))is a short-range, portable electronic device used for mobile voice or data communication over a network of specialized base stations known as cell sites. The first commercial mobile phone service was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979, and by November 2007, the total number of mobile phone subscriptions in the world had reached 3.3 billion, or half of the human population (although some users have multiple subscriptions, or inactive subscriptions), which also makes the mobile phone the most widely spread technology and the most common gadget in the world.
In addition to the standard voice function of a telephone, current mobile phones may support many additional services, and accessories, such as SMS for text messaging, email, packet switching for access to the Internet, gaming, bluetooth, infrared, camera with video recorder and MMS for sending and receiving photos and video. Most current mobile phones connect to a cellular network of base stations (cell sites), which is in turn interconnected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) (the exception is satellite phones).
The first mobile phone to enable internet connectivity and wireless email use, was the Nokia Communicator released in 1996 and created a new category of expensive phones called smartphones. In 1999 the first mobile internet service was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan under the i-Mode service. By 2007 over 798 million people around the world accessed the internet or equivalent mobile internet services such as WAP and i-Mode at least occasionally using a mobile phone rather than a personal computer.
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In addition to the standard voice function of a telephone, current mobile phones may support many additional services, and accessories, such as SMS for text messaging, email, packet switching for access to the Internet, gaming, bluetooth, infrared, camera with video recorder and MMS for sending and receiving photos and video. Most current mobile phones connect to a cellular network of base stations (cell sites), which is in turn interconnected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) (the exception is satellite phones).
The first mobile phone to enable internet connectivity and wireless email use, was the Nokia Communicator released in 1996 and created a new category of expensive phones called smartphones. In 1999 the first mobile internet service was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan under the i-Mode service. By 2007 over 798 million people around the world accessed the internet or equivalent mobile internet services such as WAP and i-Mode at least occasionally using a mobile phone rather than a personal computer.
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Communications protocol
In the field of telecommunications, a communications protocol is the set of standard rules for data representation, signaling, authentication and error detection required to send information over a communications channel.
An example of a simple communications protocol adapted to voice communication is the case of a radio dispatcher talking to mobile stations. The communication protocols for digital computer network communication have many features intended to ensure reliable interchange of data over an imperfect communication channel.
Communication protocol is basically following certain rules so that the system works properly.
== Network protocol design principle to create a set of common network protocol design principles. These principles include effectiveness, reliability, and resiliency.
This paragraph informally provides some examples of layers, some required functionalities, and some protocols that implement them, all from the realm of computing protocols.
At the lowest level, bits are encoded in electrical, light or radio signals by the Physical layer. Some examples include RS-232, SONET, and WiFi.
A somewhat higher Data link layer such as the point-to-point protocol (PPP) may detect errors and configure the transmission system.
An even higher protocol may perform network functions. One very common protocol is the Internet protocol (IP), which implements addressing for large set of protocols. A common associated protocol is the Transmission control protocol (TCP) which implements error detection and correction (by retransmission). TCP and IP are often paired, giving rise to the familiar abbreviation TCP/IP.
A layer in charge of presentation might describe how to encode text (ie: ASCII, or Unicode).
An application protocol like SMTP, may (among other things) describe how to inquire about electronic mail messages.
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An example of a simple communications protocol adapted to voice communication is the case of a radio dispatcher talking to mobile stations. The communication protocols for digital computer network communication have many features intended to ensure reliable interchange of data over an imperfect communication channel.
Communication protocol is basically following certain rules so that the system works properly.
== Network protocol design principle to create a set of common network protocol design principles. These principles include effectiveness, reliability, and resiliency.
This paragraph informally provides some examples of layers, some required functionalities, and some protocols that implement them, all from the realm of computing protocols.
At the lowest level, bits are encoded in electrical, light or radio signals by the Physical layer. Some examples include RS-232, SONET, and WiFi.
A somewhat higher Data link layer such as the point-to-point protocol (PPP) may detect errors and configure the transmission system.
An even higher protocol may perform network functions. One very common protocol is the Internet protocol (IP), which implements addressing for large set of protocols. A common associated protocol is the Transmission control protocol (TCP) which implements error detection and correction (by retransmission). TCP and IP are often paired, giving rise to the familiar abbreviation TCP/IP.
A layer in charge of presentation might describe how to encode text (ie: ASCII, or Unicode).
An application protocol like SMTP, may (among other things) describe how to inquire about electronic mail messages.
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Cell Broadcast
Cell Broadcast (CB) messaging is a mobile technology feature defined by the ETSI’s GSM committee and is part of the GSM standard. It is also known as Short Message Service - Cell Broadcast (SMS-CB). Cell Broadcast is designed for simultaneous delivery of messages to multiple users in a specified area. Whereas the Short Message Service - Point to Point (SMS-PP) is a one-to-one and one-to-a-few service, Cell Broadcast is a one-to-many geographically focused messaging service. Cell Broadcast messaging is also supported by UMTS, as defined by 3GPP.
Cell Broadcast messaging was technologically demonstrated in Paris for the first time, in 1997. Some mobile operators use Cell Broadcast for communicating the area code of the antenna cell to the mobile user (via channel 050), for nationwide or citywide alerting, weather reports, mass messaging, location based news, etc. Not all operators have the Cell Broadcast messaging function activated in their network yet, and many handsets do not have the capability to support cell broadcast.
Cell Broadcast is a technology that allows a text or binary message to be defined and distributed to all mobile terminals connected to a set of cells. Whereas SMS messages are sent point-to-point, Cell Broadcast messages are sent point-to-area. This means that one Cell Broadcast message can reach a huge number of terminalsa at once. In other words, Cell Broadcast messages are directed to radio cells, rather than to a specific terminal. A Cell Broadcast message is an unconfirmed push service, meaning that the originator of the message does not know who has received the message, allowing for services based on anonymity. Mobile telephone user manuals describe how the user can switch the receiving of Cell Broadcast messages on or off.
Cell Broadcast messaging has a number of features that make it particularly appropriate for emergency purposes:
It is not as affected by traffic load; therefore, it may be usable during a disaster when load spikes tend to crash networks, as the 7 July 2005 London bombings showed. Another example was during the Tsunami catastrophe in Asia. Dialog GSM, an operator in Sri Lanka was able to provide ongoing emergency information to its subscribers, to warn of incoming waves, to give news updates, to direct people to supply and distribution centres, and even to arrange donation collections using Celltick's Cell Broadcast Center, based on Cell Broadcast Technology.
Cell broadcast is not widely deployed today. In the U.S., most handsets do not have cell broadcast capability, and the major U.S. operators have not deployed the technology in their networks.
Cell Broadcast is a mobile technology that allows messages (up to 15 pages of up to 93 characters) to be broadcast to all mobile handsets and similar devices within a designated geographical area. The broadcast range can be varied, from a single cell to the entire network.
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Friday, June 6, 2008
SMS as part of GSM
The idea of adding text messaging to the services of mobile users was latent in many communities of mobile communication services at the beginning of the 1980s. Experts from several of those communities contributed in the discussions on which should be the GSM services. Most thought of SMS as providing a means to alert the individual mobile user, for example, of a deposited voice mail, whereas others had more sophisticated applications in their minds, such as telemetry. However, few believed that SMS would be used as a means for sending text messages from one mobile user to another.
As early as February 1985, after having already been discussed in GSM subgroup WP3, chaired by J. Audestad, SMS was considered in the main GSM group as a possible service for the new digital cellular system. In GSM document "Services and Facilities to be provided in the GSM System",both mobile originated and mobile terminated short messages appear on the table of GSM teleservices.
The discussions on the GSM services were then concluded in the recommendation GSM 02.03 "TeleServices supported by a GSM PLMN".Here a rudimentary description of the three services was given:
Short message Mobile Terminated (SMS-MT)/ Point-to-Point: the ability of a network to transmit a Short Message to a mobile phone. The message can be sent by phone or by a software application.
Short message Mobile Originated (SMS-MO)/ Point-to-Point: the ability of a network to transmit a Short Message sent by a mobile phone. The message can be sent to a phone or to a software application.
Short message Cell Broadcast.
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The system will answer and recognize your wireless phone number.
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As early as February 1985, after having already been discussed in GSM subgroup WP3, chaired by J. Audestad, SMS was considered in the main GSM group as a possible service for the new digital cellular system. In GSM document "Services and Facilities to be provided in the GSM System",both mobile originated and mobile terminated short messages appear on the table of GSM teleservices.
The discussions on the GSM services were then concluded in the recommendation GSM 02.03 "TeleServices supported by a GSM PLMN".Here a rudimentary description of the three services was given:
Short message Mobile Terminated (SMS-MT)/ Point-to-Point: the ability of a network to transmit a Short Message to a mobile phone. The message can be sent by phone or by a software application.
Short message Mobile Originated (SMS-MO)/ Point-to-Point: the ability of a network to transmit a Short Message sent by a mobile phone. The message can be sent to a phone or to a software application.
Short message Cell Broadcast.
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How it Works:
Once you sign up, you will dial into an Access Number.
You can program this into your phone.
The system will answer and recognize your wireless phone number.
Just dial the country code and number -That's It!
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SMS
Short Message Service (SMS) is a communications protocol allowing the interchange of short text messages between mobile telephone devices. SMS text messaging is the most widely used data application on the planet, with already 2.4 billion active users, or 74% of all mobile phone subscribers sending and receiving text messages on their phones. The SMS technology has facilitated the development and growth of text messaging. The connection between the phenomenon of text messaging and the underlying technology is so great that in parts of the world the term "SMS" is used colloquially as a synonym for a text message from another person or the act of sending a text message (even when, as with MMS, a different underlying protocol is being used)[citation needed].
SMS as used on modern handsets was originally defined as part of the GSM series of standards in 1985 as a means of sending messages of up to 160 characters (including spaces), to and from GSM mobile handsets. Since then, support for the service has expanded to include alternative mobile standards such as ANSI CDMA networks and Digital AMPS, as well as satellite and landline networks.Most SMS messages are mobile-to-mobile text messages, though the standard supports other types of broadcast messaging as well.
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SMS as used on modern handsets was originally defined as part of the GSM series of standards in 1985 as a means of sending messages of up to 160 characters (including spaces), to and from GSM mobile handsets. Since then, support for the service has expanded to include alternative mobile standards such as ANSI CDMA networks and Digital AMPS, as well as satellite and landline networks.Most SMS messages are mobile-to-mobile text messages, though the standard supports other types of broadcast messaging as well.
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Ringtone
A ringtone or ring tone is the sound made by a cell phone to indicate an incoming call. The term is a misnomer, as it is often used to refer to any ring sound, almost all of which are not tones. The term is most often used to refer to the customizable sounds used on mobile phones.
A phone “rings” when its network indicates an incoming call and the phone thus alerts the user. For landline telephones, the call signal can be an electric current generated by the switch to which the telephone is connected. For mobile phones, the network sends the phone a message indicating an incoming call.
A telephone “ring” is the sound generated when there is an incoming telephone call. The term originated from the fact that early telephones had a ringing mechanism consisting of a bell and an electromagnetically-driven hammer, producing a ringing sound. The aforementioned electrical signal powered the electromagnet which would rapidly move and release the hammer, striking the bell. This "magneto" bell system is still in widespread use. The ringing signal sent to a customer's telephone is AC at 90 volts and 20 hertz in North America. While the sound produced is still called a “ring”, more-recently manufactured telephones electronically produce a warbling, chirping, or other sound. Variation of the ring signal can be used to indicate characteristics of incoming calls (for example, rings with a shorter interval between them might be used to signal a call from a given number).
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A phone “rings” when its network indicates an incoming call and the phone thus alerts the user. For landline telephones, the call signal can be an electric current generated by the switch to which the telephone is connected. For mobile phones, the network sends the phone a message indicating an incoming call.
A telephone “ring” is the sound generated when there is an incoming telephone call. The term originated from the fact that early telephones had a ringing mechanism consisting of a bell and an electromagnetically-driven hammer, producing a ringing sound. The aforementioned electrical signal powered the electromagnet which would rapidly move and release the hammer, striking the bell. This "magneto" bell system is still in widespread use. The ringing signal sent to a customer's telephone is AC at 90 volts and 20 hertz in North America. While the sound produced is still called a “ring”, more-recently manufactured telephones electronically produce a warbling, chirping, or other sound. Variation of the ring signal can be used to indicate characteristics of incoming calls (for example, rings with a shorter interval between them might be used to signal a call from a given number).
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Stop Telemarketing
It is irritating for some people to receive telemarketing calls at home. There is a way for you to be able to lessen the call, the Telephone Preference Service or TPS can help you with that. Register your phone number on their do-not-call list and you will receive less telemarketing calls or calls from different organizations and charity. Even though name removal through
TPS is general in nature. You can lessen the number of calls from telemarketers from a specific company by having them place your number in the company’s do-not-call list the next time the company calls you.
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Click here to view TPS.
For those who find that telemarketing calls are an annoyance there are many remedies available, many without any cost, available under Canadian law and regulation. Tips from the CRTC's website include:
As a first step, call the telemarketers directly and ask to be removed from their fax lists or tell them you want to be placed on their "do not call" lists when they contact you by telephone. Most problems will be resolved at this point.
If you are unable to contact the telemarketing company or if you continue to receive telephone calls/faxes, contact your telephone company for assistance.
If you aren’t able to reach the telemarketer or have yourself removed from a fax/calling list and if the telephone company has been unable to assist you, contact the CRTC and we will pursue the matter on your behalf.
In addition, you can register to have your telephone numbers removed from marketing lists by mailing your request to the Canadian Marketing Association (CMA), P.O. Box 706, Don Mills, Ontario M3C 2T6, or faxing it to (416) 441-4062 or by completing the registration form at www.the-cma.org . Not all telemarketers are members of the CMA so this will not eliminate all unsolicited telemarketing calls. Make sure you indicate your first and last names as well as your complete address number and all telephone numbers, including any Ident-A-Call numbers. This free service is valid for three years and applies to telemarketing offers received by mail, telephone and fax.
You might also wish to consult the front pages of your local telephone directory under Privacy Issues to see what you can do to have your name removed from any directories made available by your local telephone company to publishers of independent paper and electronic directories, including the Canada 411 Internet directory. You might also want to contact your local telephone company directly to be removed from its telemarketing lists.
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TPS is general in nature. You can lessen the number of calls from telemarketers from a specific company by having them place your number in the company’s do-not-call list the next time the company calls you.
Click here and avail TPS.
Click here to view TPS.
For those who find that telemarketing calls are an annoyance there are many remedies available, many without any cost, available under Canadian law and regulation. Tips from the CRTC's website include:
As a first step, call the telemarketers directly and ask to be removed from their fax lists or tell them you want to be placed on their "do not call" lists when they contact you by telephone. Most problems will be resolved at this point.
If you are unable to contact the telemarketing company or if you continue to receive telephone calls/faxes, contact your telephone company for assistance.
If you aren’t able to reach the telemarketer or have yourself removed from a fax/calling list and if the telephone company has been unable to assist you, contact the CRTC and we will pursue the matter on your behalf.
In addition, you can register to have your telephone numbers removed from marketing lists by mailing your request to the Canadian Marketing Association (CMA), P.O. Box 706, Don Mills, Ontario M3C 2T6, or faxing it to (416) 441-4062 or by completing the registration form at www.the-cma.org . Not all telemarketers are members of the CMA so this will not eliminate all unsolicited telemarketing calls. Make sure you indicate your first and last names as well as your complete address number and all telephone numbers, including any Ident-A-Call numbers. This free service is valid for three years and applies to telemarketing offers received by mail, telephone and fax.
You might also wish to consult the front pages of your local telephone directory under Privacy Issues to see what you can do to have your name removed from any directories made available by your local telephone company to publishers of independent paper and electronic directories, including the Canada 411 Internet directory. You might also want to contact your local telephone company directly to be removed from its telemarketing lists.
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Calling party
The calling party (also called caller, call originator or A-party) is a person who (or device that) initiates a telephone call over the public switched telephone network, usually by dialing a telephone number. The process is called call origination and the person who (or device that) answers a telephone call is the called party.
The calling party is usually the party that pays the fee for placing the call, however in reverse charge (or collect) calls this may not be the case.
While roaming on an international network using a mobile phone, the calling party may need to pay an extra fee for the subsequent use of the overseas network.
A telephone call may carry ordinary voice transmission using a telephone, data transmission when the calling party and called party are using modems, or facsimile transmission when they are using fax machines. The call may use land line, cell phone, satellite phone or any combination thereof. Where a telephone call has more than one called party it is referred to as a conference call. When two or more users of the network are sharing the same physical line, it is called a party line or Rural phone line.
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The calling party is usually the party that pays the fee for placing the call, however in reverse charge (or collect) calls this may not be the case.
While roaming on an international network using a mobile phone, the calling party may need to pay an extra fee for the subsequent use of the overseas network.
A telephone call may carry ordinary voice transmission using a telephone, data transmission when the calling party and called party are using modems, or facsimile transmission when they are using fax machines. The call may use land line, cell phone, satellite phone or any combination thereof. Where a telephone call has more than one called party it is referred to as a conference call. When two or more users of the network are sharing the same physical line, it is called a party line or Rural phone line.
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PNG Long Distance 3.9cents rate applies all day, every day for state-to-state calls in the contiguous 48 states. Now has a 99cents monthly fee. Awesome international rates! PNG also offers stand-alone toll free service, local phone service, high speed internet and cellular plans with very low international rates and a referral plan.
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Prank call
prank call, also known as a crank call, hoax call, phony call, phone scam or phony phone call is a form of practical joke committed over the telephone. As with all practical jokes, prank calls are generally done for humorous effect, though there is a thin line between humor and harassment. Prank phone calls began to gain an America-wide following over a period of many years, as they gradually became a staple of the obscure and amusing cassette tapes traded amongst musicians, sound engineers, and media traders beginning in the late 1970s. Among the most famous and earliest recorded prank calls are the Tube Bar prank calls tapes which centered around Louis "Red" Deutsch, and the Lucius Tate phone calls. Comedian Jerry Lewis was an incorrigible phone prankster, and recordings of his hijinks, dating from the 1960s and possibly earlier, still circulate throughout the country to this day.
Even very prominent people have fallen victim to prank callers, as for example Queen Elizabeth II, who was fooled by Canadian DJ Pierre Brassard posing as Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, asking her to record a speech in support of Canadian unity ahead of the 1995 Quebec referendum.[1] Two other particularly famous examples of prank calls were made by the Miami-based radio station Radio El Zol. In one, they telephoned Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez and spoke to him, pretending to be Cuban dictator Fidel Castro.[2] They later repeated the prank, except that they called Castro and pretended to be Chávez. Radio El Zol was also fined by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
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Even very prominent people have fallen victim to prank callers, as for example Queen Elizabeth II, who was fooled by Canadian DJ Pierre Brassard posing as Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, asking her to record a speech in support of Canadian unity ahead of the 1995 Quebec referendum.[1] Two other particularly famous examples of prank calls were made by the Miami-based radio station Radio El Zol. In one, they telephoned Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez and spoke to him, pretending to be Cuban dictator Fidel Castro.[2] They later repeated the prank, except that they called Castro and pretended to be Chávez. Radio El Zol was also fined by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
Click here to file a complaint.
Click here to view 809 area code scam.
Click here to view 90# telephone scam.
Click here to view calling card scam.
Click here to view Mexico call collect scam.
Click here to view telemarketing scam.
Click here to view Cell phone fraud.
Click here to Voice Mail fraud.
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Thursday, June 5, 2008
Caller ID
Caller ID (caller identification, CID, or more properly calling number identification) is a telephone service, available on POTS lines, that transmits a caller's number to the called party's telephone equipment during the ringing signal, or when the call is being set up but before the call is answered. Where available, caller ID can also provide a name associated with the calling telephone number. The information made available to the called party may be made visible on a telephone's own display or on a separate attached device.
Caller ID is often helpful for tracing down prank calls and other unwanted intrusions. However, it can also impede communication by enabling users to become evasive. The concept behind caller ID is the value of informed consent; however, it also poses problems for personal privacy.
Everdial Long Distance 4.9cents state-to-state rate, 24hours 7 days a week. 30 second initial, 6 second increments. Excellent international rates, low in-state rates. NO MONTHLY MINIMUMS or FEES. A 99cents Carrier Recovery Fee takes the place of the 3% Federal tax.
PNG Long Distance 3.9cents rate applies all day, every day for state-to-state calls in the contiguous 48 states. Now has a 99cents monthly fee. Awesome international rates! PNG also offers stand-alone toll free service, local phone service, high speed internet and cellular plans with very low international rates and a referral plan. Visit PNG Long Distance website for in-state rates, other info. and to order service.
Dialuno "Primero" 1 plus plan 3.8cents rate applies 24 hours/7 days a week for all state-to-state calls. billed in 6 second increments Great international rates, especially to Mexico and South American countries. Toll free numbers available at no extra charge and will bill incoming at same rates. Primus Telecommunications, Inc does the billing and customer service, calls are carried on the MCI network and Alliance AT&T network. A .95 Carrier Recovery Fee is added in any month the service is used. There is a minimal billing requirement of $5/month which means:If monthly usage totals less than $5, your bill will be adjusted to meet the $5 minimum.
ECG Long Distance 2.5cents state-to-state rate if billed by E-bill only and credit card. Also billed in 6 second increments. ECG also has toll free numbers available at no extra charge and incoming billing at same rates. $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, requires EasyPay and EasyBill. EasyBill is ECG's paperless billing option that lets customers receive their monthly ECG bill online. EasyPay is ECG's paperless payment option that lets customers pay their monthly ECG bill electronically via credit/debit card or bank draft.3.5cents state-to-state rate if you wish a paper bill and/or pay by check or other method $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, plus paper bill processing fee of $2.50ECG is available in approximately 80% of the country. When you request service, it will tell you if they don't serve your area.
Caller ID is often helpful for tracing down prank calls and other unwanted intrusions. However, it can also impede communication by enabling users to become evasive. The concept behind caller ID is the value of informed consent; however, it also poses problems for personal privacy.
Everdial Long Distance 4.9cents state-to-state rate, 24hours 7 days a week. 30 second initial, 6 second increments. Excellent international rates, low in-state rates. NO MONTHLY MINIMUMS or FEES. A 99cents Carrier Recovery Fee takes the place of the 3% Federal tax.
PNG Long Distance 3.9cents rate applies all day, every day for state-to-state calls in the contiguous 48 states. Now has a 99cents monthly fee. Awesome international rates! PNG also offers stand-alone toll free service, local phone service, high speed internet and cellular plans with very low international rates and a referral plan. Visit PNG Long Distance website for in-state rates, other info. and to order service.
Dialuno "Primero" 1 plus plan 3.8cents rate applies 24 hours/7 days a week for all state-to-state calls. billed in 6 second increments Great international rates, especially to Mexico and South American countries. Toll free numbers available at no extra charge and will bill incoming at same rates. Primus Telecommunications, Inc does the billing and customer service, calls are carried on the MCI network and Alliance AT&T network. A .95 Carrier Recovery Fee is added in any month the service is used. There is a minimal billing requirement of $5/month which means:If monthly usage totals less than $5, your bill will be adjusted to meet the $5 minimum.
ECG Long Distance 2.5cents state-to-state rate if billed by E-bill only and credit card. Also billed in 6 second increments. ECG also has toll free numbers available at no extra charge and incoming billing at same rates. $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, requires EasyPay and EasyBill. EasyBill is ECG's paperless billing option that lets customers receive their monthly ECG bill online. EasyPay is ECG's paperless payment option that lets customers pay their monthly ECG bill electronically via credit/debit card or bank draft.3.5cents state-to-state rate if you wish a paper bill and/or pay by check or other method $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, plus paper bill processing fee of $2.50ECG is available in approximately 80% of the country. When you request service, it will tell you if they don't serve your area.
Call waiting
Call waiting (or catch phone in Japan), in telephony, is a feature on some telephone networks. If a calling party places a call to a called party which is otherwise engaged, and the called party has the call waiting feature enabled, the called party is able to suspend the current telephone call and switch to the new incoming call (Typically, this is done by pushing the flash button), and can then negotiate with the new or the current caller an appropriate time to ring back if the message is important, or to quickly handle a separate incoming call.
Call waiting, then, alleviates the need to have a separate line for voice communications. Note that since the signal to the called party is audible (for example, a 440 Hz beep every ten seconds in North America), call waiting often can cause dial-up Internet connections to terminate. For this reason, call waiting is often disabled on shared voice/data telephone lines. In North America, the NANP uses *70 before a call to suspend call waiting for that call. A stuttered then regular dial tone confirms the de-activation.
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Type II caller ID also works with call waiting.
Call waiting, then, alleviates the need to have a separate line for voice communications. Note that since the signal to the called party is audible (for example, a 440 Hz beep every ten seconds in North America), call waiting often can cause dial-up Internet connections to terminate. For this reason, call waiting is often disabled on shared voice/data telephone lines. In North America, the NANP uses *70 before a call to suspend call waiting for that call. A stuttered then regular dial tone confirms the de-activation.
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
Type II caller ID also works with call waiting.
Rotary dial
The rotary dial is a device mounted on or in a telephone or switchboard that is designed to send interrupted electrical pulses, known as pulse dialing, corresponding to the number dialed. The early form of the rotary dial used lugs on a finger plate instead of holes. A patent was filed on August 20, 1896 by employees of Almon Strowger, namely, A. E. Keith and the brothers John and Charles Erickson. The Patent No. 597,062 was granted on January 11, 1898.
The modern version of the rotary dial with holes was first introduced in 1904 but only entered service in the Bell System in 1919. The device was phased out from the 1970s onwards with the onset of Touch Tone dialing, which uses a telephone keypad instead of a dial. Some telephone systems in the US no longer recognize rotary dialing by default, in which case it would have to be ordered from the telephone company as a special feature, to support older customer equipment.
Today the dial is a key pad or "dial pad", generally with 12 keys numbered 0-9, *, and # that perform an equivalent signalling function to that of a rotating disk dial.
In telephony, the word dialing (in present and past tense spelt with two Ls in British English and with one in American English) describes the process of the placement of a telephone call.
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The modern version of the rotary dial with holes was first introduced in 1904 but only entered service in the Bell System in 1919. The device was phased out from the 1970s onwards with the onset of Touch Tone dialing, which uses a telephone keypad instead of a dial. Some telephone systems in the US no longer recognize rotary dialing by default, in which case it would have to be ordered from the telephone company as a special feature, to support older customer equipment.
Today the dial is a key pad or "dial pad", generally with 12 keys numbered 0-9, *, and # that perform an equivalent signalling function to that of a rotating disk dial.
In telephony, the word dialing (in present and past tense spelt with two Ls in British English and with one in American English) describes the process of the placement of a telephone call.
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
Local telephone service
Traditionally, local telephone service was provided by small companies based in given cities and towns as opposed to larger, national or international companies. When communications outside of the local area provided for by these companies were need, a call was patched through long distance networks that were, until de-regulation, operation mainly by AT&T. Some providers of local services were regional Bell operating companies, but not all local telephone companies were a regional Bell operating company or tied to one at the local level, especially after de-regulation of 1996. After de-regulation, these regional Bell operating companies became known as Local access and transport areas but mainly kept providing the same technical services despite being under a different type of corporate structure.
Many communities in the United States had local telephone companies and in rural areas, up until around the early 1980s (perhaps later in some cases) party lines were commonplace. The local telephone company was responsible for providing equipment alongside services to their customers in most cases although over time, as technology changed, so did the nature of the technical services thus provided. At one time—again mainly in more rural locations—telephones were leased from the local phone company rather than sold outright to customers. Many customers in rural regions had rotary telephones that were leased prior to the 1980s. Rural customers in some instances ended up paying tenfold the value of their phones as they leased them for decades—though the lease system was not set up to encourage this situation. More recently, local telephone companies would provide PBX (Private Branch Exchange) services for small local businesses that needed these switchboard and internal telecommunications services. Local telephone companies have also become very involved in many cases in the provision of Internet DSL and dial-up services.
Local telephone wires terminate at the central office (telephone exchange), a structure containing the hardware needed to switch calls among local lines and long distance networks. Thus, when a call was placed by a customer outside the local calling area, the central office would switch the call to the respective long distance network. As technlogy advanced, central offices offered more services and their technical abilities improved. Services such as Caller ID, call return call-waiting, three-way calling, and voice-mail were first offered via central office-based technology although later PBXs also provided them. The role of the local phone company includes serving a given community and interfacing with the large long distance carriers. Prior to the advent of cell phones, most phone calls were made via landlines and local companies were thereby involved in some capacity in this communication. Deregulation and the culture of cell phones has reduced the need in some ways for local telephone services while Digital subscriber line Internet service and other serivices give local companies new roles in the telecommunications industry.
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
Many communities in the United States had local telephone companies and in rural areas, up until around the early 1980s (perhaps later in some cases) party lines were commonplace. The local telephone company was responsible for providing equipment alongside services to their customers in most cases although over time, as technology changed, so did the nature of the technical services thus provided. At one time—again mainly in more rural locations—telephones were leased from the local phone company rather than sold outright to customers. Many customers in rural regions had rotary telephones that were leased prior to the 1980s. Rural customers in some instances ended up paying tenfold the value of their phones as they leased them for decades—though the lease system was not set up to encourage this situation. More recently, local telephone companies would provide PBX (Private Branch Exchange) services for small local businesses that needed these switchboard and internal telecommunications services. Local telephone companies have also become very involved in many cases in the provision of Internet DSL and dial-up services.
Local telephone wires terminate at the central office (telephone exchange), a structure containing the hardware needed to switch calls among local lines and long distance networks. Thus, when a call was placed by a customer outside the local calling area, the central office would switch the call to the respective long distance network. As technlogy advanced, central offices offered more services and their technical abilities improved. Services such as Caller ID, call return call-waiting, three-way calling, and voice-mail were first offered via central office-based technology although later PBXs also provided them. The role of the local phone company includes serving a given community and interfacing with the large long distance carriers. Prior to the advent of cell phones, most phone calls were made via landlines and local companies were thereby involved in some capacity in this communication. Deregulation and the culture of cell phones has reduced the need in some ways for local telephone services while Digital subscriber line Internet service and other serivices give local companies new roles in the telecommunications industry.
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
Wednesday, June 4, 2008
A Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (CLEC)
In United States, is a telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a "carrier") that competes with other, already established carriers (generally the incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC)).
Local exchange carriers (LECs) are divided into incumbent (ILECs) and competitive (CLECs). The ILECs are usually the original, monopoly LEC in a given area, and receive different regulatory treatment from the newer CLECs. A Data Local Exchange Carrier (DLEC) is a CLEC that specializes in DSL services by leasing lines from the CLEC and reselling them to Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
CLECs evolved from the Competitive Access Carriers (CAPs) that began to offer private line and special access services in competition with the ILECs beginning in 1985. The CAPs (such as Teleport Communications Group (TCG) and Metropolitan Fiber Systems (MFS)) deployed fiber optic systems in the central business districts of the largest US cities (New York, Chicago, Boston, etc). A number of state public utility commissions, particularly New York, Illinois and Massachusetts, encouraged this competition. By the early 1990s, the CAPs began to install switches in their fiber systems. Initially, they offered a "shared PBX" service with these switches and interconnected with the ILECs as end-users rather than as co-carriers. However, the New York Public Service Commission authorized the nation's first CLEC when it required the New York Telephone Co. (the ILEC) to allow Teleport's switches in New York City to connect as peers. Other States followed New York's lead so that by the mid-1990s most of the large states had authorized local exchange competition.
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 incorporated the successful results of the state-by-state authorization process by creating a uniform national law to allow local exchange competition. This had the unintended consequence of stimulating the formation of many more CLECs than the markets could bear. The formation of these CLECs, with easy financing from equipment vendors and IPOs, was a significant contributor to the "telecom bubble" of the late 1990s which then turned into the "bust" of 2001-2002.
The original CAP/CLECs spent the decade from 1985-1995 deploying their own fiber optics networks and digital switches so that their only reliance on the ILEC was leasing some DS-1 loops to locations not served by the CLEC's own fiber and interconnecting the CLEC's switches with the ILECs' on a peer-to-peer basis. While not trivial dependencies, the original "facilities-based" CLECs such as TCG and MFS were beginning to become profitable by the time the Telecom Act was adopted. In contrast, many CLECs formed in the post-Telecom Act "bubble" operated using the unbundled Network Element Platform (UNE-P), in which they resold the ILECs' service by leasing the underlying copper and port space on the ILEC's local switch. This greater dependency on the ILECs made these "UNE-P CLECs" extremely vulnerable to changes in the UNE-P rules.
In the meantime, the largest facilities-based CLECs, MFS and TCG, had IPOs and then were acquired by Worldcom and AT&T, respectively, in 1996 and 1998 as those long distance companies prepared to defend their business customers from the Regional Bell Operating Companies' (RBOC) incipient entry into the long distance business.
With the Triennial Review in August 2003, the FCC began to rewrite a large portion of the rules implementing by the Telecommunications Act of 1996. One alternative to the UNE-P is unbundled network element loop (UNE-L), in which the CLEC has access to or operates their own local switch. The underlying copper (loop) that runs to your house is then leased by the CLEC, and cross-connected to the CLEC's switch. Both UNE-P and UNE-L have their own unique advantages and disadvantages. Other CLECs bypass the ILEC's network entirely, using their own facilities. These facility-based LECs include cable companies offering phone service over coaxial cable.
In October 2004, the U.S. Supreme Court allowed a lower court's ruling to stand (by refusing to hear the appeal) that voided rules requiring ILECs to lease certain network elements (such as local switching or the high-frequency portion of the loop) at a cost-based regulated wholesale price to CLECs.The FCC agreed earlier in the year to rewrite rather than appeal the validity of the rules. In December, 2004, the FCC released another set of rules which phase out, over a year, all CLEC leasing of ILEC local switching, while preserving access to most copper local loops and some interoffice facilities.
Recent developments with CLECs involve primarily AT&T's Advanced Solutions Inc (ASI), This company acts as a CLEC in competition with others such as Frontier, Covad, etc, but is given preferential treatment by AT&T. Colocation space within a CO is either Virtual or Physical. Physical Colo spaces are separately caged spaces that are physically separate of AT&T's equipment and these spaces are reserved for CLECs like Covad and Frontier. Virtual Colo spaces are incorporated within the floorspace of existing AT&T equipment and are only usable by ASI. AT&T's policy regarding Physical and Virtual colocation is to slowly phase out Physical while filling up the Virtual space with their own equipment (ASI's) in the process. ASI is but a loophole in the Anti-trust lawsuit of 1984 that required the split of AT&T into smaller companies and required CLECs to provide all local communications, while AT&T retained the rights to long-distance. ASI was created in order to preserve AT&T's involvement in the local market.
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Local exchange carriers (LECs) are divided into incumbent (ILECs) and competitive (CLECs). The ILECs are usually the original, monopoly LEC in a given area, and receive different regulatory treatment from the newer CLECs. A Data Local Exchange Carrier (DLEC) is a CLEC that specializes in DSL services by leasing lines from the CLEC and reselling them to Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
CLECs evolved from the Competitive Access Carriers (CAPs) that began to offer private line and special access services in competition with the ILECs beginning in 1985. The CAPs (such as Teleport Communications Group (TCG) and Metropolitan Fiber Systems (MFS)) deployed fiber optic systems in the central business districts of the largest US cities (New York, Chicago, Boston, etc). A number of state public utility commissions, particularly New York, Illinois and Massachusetts, encouraged this competition. By the early 1990s, the CAPs began to install switches in their fiber systems. Initially, they offered a "shared PBX" service with these switches and interconnected with the ILECs as end-users rather than as co-carriers. However, the New York Public Service Commission authorized the nation's first CLEC when it required the New York Telephone Co. (the ILEC) to allow Teleport's switches in New York City to connect as peers. Other States followed New York's lead so that by the mid-1990s most of the large states had authorized local exchange competition.
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 incorporated the successful results of the state-by-state authorization process by creating a uniform national law to allow local exchange competition. This had the unintended consequence of stimulating the formation of many more CLECs than the markets could bear. The formation of these CLECs, with easy financing from equipment vendors and IPOs, was a significant contributor to the "telecom bubble" of the late 1990s which then turned into the "bust" of 2001-2002.
The original CAP/CLECs spent the decade from 1985-1995 deploying their own fiber optics networks and digital switches so that their only reliance on the ILEC was leasing some DS-1 loops to locations not served by the CLEC's own fiber and interconnecting the CLEC's switches with the ILECs' on a peer-to-peer basis. While not trivial dependencies, the original "facilities-based" CLECs such as TCG and MFS were beginning to become profitable by the time the Telecom Act was adopted. In contrast, many CLECs formed in the post-Telecom Act "bubble" operated using the unbundled Network Element Platform (UNE-P), in which they resold the ILECs' service by leasing the underlying copper and port space on the ILEC's local switch. This greater dependency on the ILECs made these "UNE-P CLECs" extremely vulnerable to changes in the UNE-P rules.
In the meantime, the largest facilities-based CLECs, MFS and TCG, had IPOs and then were acquired by Worldcom and AT&T, respectively, in 1996 and 1998 as those long distance companies prepared to defend their business customers from the Regional Bell Operating Companies' (RBOC) incipient entry into the long distance business.
With the Triennial Review in August 2003, the FCC began to rewrite a large portion of the rules implementing by the Telecommunications Act of 1996. One alternative to the UNE-P is unbundled network element loop (UNE-L), in which the CLEC has access to or operates their own local switch. The underlying copper (loop) that runs to your house is then leased by the CLEC, and cross-connected to the CLEC's switch. Both UNE-P and UNE-L have their own unique advantages and disadvantages. Other CLECs bypass the ILEC's network entirely, using their own facilities. These facility-based LECs include cable companies offering phone service over coaxial cable.
In October 2004, the U.S. Supreme Court allowed a lower court's ruling to stand (by refusing to hear the appeal) that voided rules requiring ILECs to lease certain network elements (such as local switching or the high-frequency portion of the loop) at a cost-based regulated wholesale price to CLECs.The FCC agreed earlier in the year to rewrite rather than appeal the validity of the rules. In December, 2004, the FCC released another set of rules which phase out, over a year, all CLEC leasing of ILEC local switching, while preserving access to most copper local loops and some interoffice facilities.
Recent developments with CLECs involve primarily AT&T's Advanced Solutions Inc (ASI), This company acts as a CLEC in competition with others such as Frontier, Covad, etc, but is given preferential treatment by AT&T. Colocation space within a CO is either Virtual or Physical. Physical Colo spaces are separately caged spaces that are physically separate of AT&T's equipment and these spaces are reserved for CLECs like Covad and Frontier. Virtual Colo spaces are incorporated within the floorspace of existing AT&T equipment and are only usable by ASI. AT&T's policy regarding Physical and Virtual colocation is to slowly phase out Physical while filling up the Virtual space with their own equipment (ASI's) in the process. ASI is but a loophole in the Anti-trust lawsuit of 1984 that required the split of AT&T into smaller companies and required CLECs to provide all local communications, while AT&T retained the rights to long-distance. ASI was created in order to preserve AT&T's involvement in the local market.
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
Mobile operators - USA
United States
GSM
AT&T Mobility (AT&T)
T-Mobile (Deutsche Telekom)
Cincinnati Bell Wireless
Alltel
Centennial Wireless
Dobson Cellular
Edge Wireless
Unicel
SunCom
CDMA
Verizon Wireless
Claro (wireless arm of Puerto Rico Telephone)
Alltel
U.S. Cellular
MetroPCS
Sprint Nextel
Cricket Communications
nTelos
Appalachian Wireless
Bluegrass Cellular
Midwest Wireless
Cellular South
iDEN
Sprint Nextel
SouthernLINC Wireless
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GSM
AT&T Mobility (AT&T)
T-Mobile (Deutsche Telekom)
Cincinnati Bell Wireless
Alltel
Centennial Wireless
Dobson Cellular
Edge Wireless
Unicel
SunCom
CDMA
Verizon Wireless
Claro (wireless arm of Puerto Rico Telephone)
Alltel
U.S. Cellular
MetroPCS
Sprint Nextel
Cricket Communications
nTelos
Appalachian Wireless
Bluegrass Cellular
Midwest Wireless
Cellular South
iDEN
Sprint Nextel
SouthernLINC Wireless
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Fixed line operators -United States
Fixed line operators
AT&T
Verizon Communications (includes formerly independent GTE operating companies)
Fairpoint Communications
Qwest Corporation
BellSouth
Blue Casa Communications
SBC
CenturyTel
Cincinnati Bell (AT&T formerly held minority interest)
Embarq
Frontier
GTE
Malheur Bell (Independent subsidiary of Qwest Corporation/Mountain Bell)
Puerto Rico Telephone (TELPRI, former holding of Verizon, now 100% holding of América Móvil of Mexico)
Telephone and Data Systems
Windstream Communications
ACN Inc.
AT&T
Verizon Communications (includes formerly independent GTE operating companies)
Fairpoint Communications
Qwest Corporation
BellSouth
Blue Casa Communications
SBC
CenturyTel
Cincinnati Bell (AT&T formerly held minority interest)
Embarq
Frontier
GTE
Malheur Bell (Independent subsidiary of Qwest Corporation/Mountain Bell)
Puerto Rico Telephone (TELPRI, former holding of Verizon, now 100% holding of América Móvil of Mexico)
Telephone and Data Systems
Windstream Communications
ACN Inc.
Long distance Carriers
While there have traditionally existed long-distance carriers who provided only long-distance services, today most if not all of the Baby Bells can offer service for all long-distance classes as well as local service, competing with the long-distance carriers. While the benefit of this arrangement is simplicity of billing and support for the customer, long-distance carriers can often offer lower rates or money-saving service plans.
Major long-distance carriers in the US include Sprint, (former) MCI Worldcom, Pioneer Telephone and AT&T. The market security for landline long-distance has been affected negatively by many smaller less known carriers. These organizations usually provide specialty deep discounted long distance calling plans.
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
Everdial Long Distance 4.9cents state-to-state rate, 24hours 7 days a week. 30 second initial, 6 second increments. Excellent international rates, low in-state rates. NO MONTHLY MINIMUMS or FEES. A 99cents Carrier Recovery Fee takes the place of the 3% Federal tax.
PNG Long Distance 3.9cents rate applies all day, every day for state-to-state calls in the contiguous 48 states. Now has a 99cents monthly fee. Awesome international rates! PNG also offers stand-alone toll free service, local phone service, high speed internet and cellular plans with very low international rates and a referral plan. Visit PNG Long Distance website for in-state rates, other info. and to order service.
Dialuno "Primero" 1 plus plan 3.8cents rate applies 24 hours/7 days a week for all state-to-state calls. billed in 6 second increments Great international rates, especially to Mexico and South American countries. Toll free numbers available at no extra charge and will bill incoming at same rates. Primus Telecommunications, Inc does the billing and customer service, calls are carried on the MCI network and Alliance AT&T network. A .95 Carrier Recovery Fee is added in any month the service is used. There is a minimal billing requirement of $5/month which means:If monthly usage totals less than $5, your bill will be adjusted to meet the $5 minimum.
ECG Long Distance 2.5cents state-to-state rate if billed by E-bill only and credit card. Also billed in 6 second increments. ECG also has toll free numbers available at no extra charge and incoming billing at same rates. $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, requires EasyPay and EasyBill. EasyBill is ECG's paperless billing option that lets customers receive their monthly ECG bill online. EasyPay is ECG's paperless payment option that lets customers pay their monthly ECG bill electronically via credit/debit card or bank draft.3.5cents state-to-state rate if you wish a paper bill and/or pay by check or other method $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, plus paper bill processing fee of $2.50ECG is available in approximately 80% of the country. When you request service, it will tell you if they don't serve your area.
Major long-distance carriers in the US include Sprint, (former) MCI Worldcom, Pioneer Telephone and AT&T. The market security for landline long-distance has been affected negatively by many smaller less known carriers. These organizations usually provide specialty deep discounted long distance calling plans.
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
Everdial Long Distance 4.9cents state-to-state rate, 24hours 7 days a week. 30 second initial, 6 second increments. Excellent international rates, low in-state rates. NO MONTHLY MINIMUMS or FEES. A 99cents Carrier Recovery Fee takes the place of the 3% Federal tax.
PNG Long Distance 3.9cents rate applies all day, every day for state-to-state calls in the contiguous 48 states. Now has a 99cents monthly fee. Awesome international rates! PNG also offers stand-alone toll free service, local phone service, high speed internet and cellular plans with very low international rates and a referral plan. Visit PNG Long Distance website for in-state rates, other info. and to order service.
Dialuno "Primero" 1 plus plan 3.8cents rate applies 24 hours/7 days a week for all state-to-state calls. billed in 6 second increments Great international rates, especially to Mexico and South American countries. Toll free numbers available at no extra charge and will bill incoming at same rates. Primus Telecommunications, Inc does the billing and customer service, calls are carried on the MCI network and Alliance AT&T network. A .95 Carrier Recovery Fee is added in any month the service is used. There is a minimal billing requirement of $5/month which means:If monthly usage totals less than $5, your bill will be adjusted to meet the $5 minimum.
ECG Long Distance 2.5cents state-to-state rate if billed by E-bill only and credit card. Also billed in 6 second increments. ECG also has toll free numbers available at no extra charge and incoming billing at same rates. $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, requires EasyPay and EasyBill. EasyBill is ECG's paperless billing option that lets customers receive their monthly ECG bill online. EasyPay is ECG's paperless payment option that lets customers pay their monthly ECG bill electronically via credit/debit card or bank draft.3.5cents state-to-state rate if you wish a paper bill and/or pay by check or other method $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, plus paper bill processing fee of $2.50ECG is available in approximately 80% of the country. When you request service, it will tell you if they don't serve your area.
Long distance terms
LEC - Local Exchange Carrier
CLEC - Competitive Local Exchange Carrier
PIC - Preferred Interexchange Carrier
PIC Freeze - A customer's arrangement with the local exchange carrier (local telephone company) to prevent unauthorized changing of their long distance telephone carrier (oral or written). This prevents slamming. This feature is free of charge and many customers don't know they have it, which may cause a new long distance order to be delayed up to several weeks. If you do have a PIC freeze on your line, you must remove it before submitting the long distance order.
Telephone slamming - The illegal practice of changing a consumer's telephone service - local (intralata), toll (interlata intrastate), long distance (interlata inter-state), or international - without permission.
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
Everdial Long Distance 4.9cents state-to-state rate, 24hours 7 days a week. 30 second initial, 6 second increments. Excellent international rates, low in-state rates. NO MONTHLY MINIMUMS or FEES. A 99cents Carrier Recovery Fee takes the place of the 3% Federal tax.
PNG Long Distance 3.9cents rate applies all day, every day for state-to-state calls in the contiguous 48 states. Now has a 99cents monthly fee. Awesome international rates! PNG also offers stand-alone toll free service, local phone service, high speed internet and cellular plans with very low international rates and a referral plan. Visit PNG Long Distance website for in-state rates, other info. and to order service.
Dialuno "Primero" 1 plus plan 3.8cents rate applies 24 hours/7 days a week for all state-to-state calls. billed in 6 second increments Great international rates, especially to Mexico and South American countries. Toll free numbers available at no extra charge and will bill incoming at same rates. Primus Telecommunications, Inc does the billing and customer service, calls are carried on the MCI network and Alliance AT&T network. A .95 Carrier Recovery Fee is added in any month the service is used. There is a minimal billing requirement of $5/month which means:If monthly usage totals less than $5, your bill will be adjusted to meet the $5 minimum.
ECG Long Distance 2.5cents state-to-state rate if billed by E-bill only and credit card. Also billed in 6 second increments. ECG also has toll free numbers available at no extra charge and incoming billing at same rates. $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, requires EasyPay and EasyBill. EasyBill is ECG's paperless billing option that lets customers receive their monthly ECG bill online. EasyPay is ECG's paperless payment option that lets customers pay their monthly ECG bill electronically via credit/debit card or bank draft.3.5cents state-to-state rate if you wish a paper bill and/or pay by check or other method $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, plus paper bill processing fee of $2.50ECG is available in approximately 80% of the country. When you request service, it will tell you if they don't serve your area.
CLEC - Competitive Local Exchange Carrier
PIC - Preferred Interexchange Carrier
PIC Freeze - A customer's arrangement with the local exchange carrier (local telephone company) to prevent unauthorized changing of their long distance telephone carrier (oral or written). This prevents slamming. This feature is free of charge and many customers don't know they have it, which may cause a new long distance order to be delayed up to several weeks. If you do have a PIC freeze on your line, you must remove it before submitting the long distance order.
Telephone slamming - The illegal practice of changing a consumer's telephone service - local (intralata), toll (interlata intrastate), long distance (interlata inter-state), or international - without permission.
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
Everdial Long Distance 4.9cents state-to-state rate, 24hours 7 days a week. 30 second initial, 6 second increments. Excellent international rates, low in-state rates. NO MONTHLY MINIMUMS or FEES. A 99cents Carrier Recovery Fee takes the place of the 3% Federal tax.
PNG Long Distance 3.9cents rate applies all day, every day for state-to-state calls in the contiguous 48 states. Now has a 99cents monthly fee. Awesome international rates! PNG also offers stand-alone toll free service, local phone service, high speed internet and cellular plans with very low international rates and a referral plan. Visit PNG Long Distance website for in-state rates, other info. and to order service.
Dialuno "Primero" 1 plus plan 3.8cents rate applies 24 hours/7 days a week for all state-to-state calls. billed in 6 second increments Great international rates, especially to Mexico and South American countries. Toll free numbers available at no extra charge and will bill incoming at same rates. Primus Telecommunications, Inc does the billing and customer service, calls are carried on the MCI network and Alliance AT&T network. A .95 Carrier Recovery Fee is added in any month the service is used. There is a minimal billing requirement of $5/month which means:If monthly usage totals less than $5, your bill will be adjusted to meet the $5 minimum.
ECG Long Distance 2.5cents state-to-state rate if billed by E-bill only and credit card. Also billed in 6 second increments. ECG also has toll free numbers available at no extra charge and incoming billing at same rates. $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, requires EasyPay and EasyBill. EasyBill is ECG's paperless billing option that lets customers receive their monthly ECG bill online. EasyPay is ECG's paperless payment option that lets customers pay their monthly ECG bill electronically via credit/debit card or bank draft.3.5cents state-to-state rate if you wish a paper bill and/or pay by check or other method $0.59 per month regulatory recovery fee applies to each taxable account, plus paper bill processing fee of $2.50ECG is available in approximately 80% of the country. When you request service, it will tell you if they don't serve your area.
Tuesday, June 3, 2008
Collect Call
A collect call in the USA and Canada or reverse charge call in the UK and other countries (or calling collect) is a telephone call in which the calling party wants to place a call at the called party's expense. In the past, collect calls were only possible as an operator-assisted call, but with the introduction of computer-based telephone dialing equipment, it is now possible to place a collect call without using an operator, which is called International Freephone Service (IFS) as opposed to Home Country Direct (HCD).
Several companies offer services to place collect calls that compete with local service providers. When the operator's number is globally unique, i.e. it does not depend on the caller's country, it is called Universal International Freephone Number (UIFN).
More collect calls are made on Father's Day than any other day.
Other forms of paid communication, such as telegrams and mail, could also be sent "collect".
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
Several companies offer services to place collect calls that compete with local service providers. When the operator's number is globally unique, i.e. it does not depend on the caller's country, it is called Universal International Freephone Number (UIFN).
More collect calls are made on Father's Day than any other day.
Other forms of paid communication, such as telegrams and mail, could also be sent "collect".
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
International Calls
International Calls are made between different countries. These telephone calls are processed by international gateway exchanges (switches). Early high rates for these calls declined very much during the 20th century due to advances in technology and liberalization.
Originally they were placed via long distance operator. The calls were transmitted by cable, communications satellite, radio, and more recently, fiber optics and VOIP. IDD or ISD (International Direct Dialling) was introduced in the 1970s, so calls can be dialed by country code without an operator.
International calls can be paid via telephone card (aka phone card, calling card). These popular telecommunications products allow users to initiate an international call from virtually anywhere in the world. These cards typically offer rates lower than most traditional long distance products and services, and can be used via land line, cellular phone, PBX, and some VOIP services, as well as from some airports and hotels.
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
Originally they were placed via long distance operator. The calls were transmitted by cable, communications satellite, radio, and more recently, fiber optics and VOIP. IDD or ISD (International Direct Dialling) was introduced in the 1970s, so calls can be dialed by country code without an operator.
International calls can be paid via telephone card (aka phone card, calling card). These popular telecommunications products allow users to initiate an international call from virtually anywhere in the world. These cards typically offer rates lower than most traditional long distance products and services, and can be used via land line, cellular phone, PBX, and some VOIP services, as well as from some airports and hotels.
Click here for Dial-1 plans & other types of Long Distance
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