Cell Sites

A cell site is a term used primarily in North America for a site where antennas and electronic communications equipment are placed to create a cell in a mobile phone network (cellular network). A cell site is composed of a tower or other elevated structure for mounting antennas, and one or more sets of transmitter/receivers transceivers, digital signal processors, control electronics, a GPS receiver for timing (for CDMA2000 or IS-95 systems), regular and backup electrical power sources, and sheltering.

A synonym for "cell site" is "cell tower", although many cell site antennas are mounted on buildings rather than as towers. In GSM networks, the technically correct term is Base Transceiver Station (BTS), and colloquial British English synonyms are "mobile phone mast" or "base station". The term "base station site" might better reflect the increasing co-location of multiple mobile operators, and therefore multiple base stations, at a single site. Depending on an operator's technology, even a site hosting just a single mobile operator may house multiple base stations, each to serve a different air interface technology (CDMA or GSM, for example).

Preserved treescapes can often hide cell towers inside an artificial tree or preserved tree. These installations are generally referred to as concealed cell sites or stealth cell sites.

Place in the wireless network
Cell sites are connected via copper facilities, optical fiber, or microwave. Copper facilities deliver either T1s or E1s, while microwave and optical fiber can offer T3s or Ethernet in addition to T1s or E1s. Copper facilities and optical fiber are usually provided as part of a service from the incumbent telephone company, but microwave is generally self-built by the mobile telephone company. Whatever the connection, the next elements in the mobile telephone network are Base Station Controllers (BSCs) and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) at the mobile telephone switching office (MTSO). The base station controller is connected to a telephone switch, which is connected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN), while the Radio Network Controller handles 3G service, and is connected to Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), which is in turn connected to a data network, a telephone switch, or both.

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