Monday, June 9, 2008

Communications protocol

In the field of telecommunications, a communications protocol is the set of standard rules for data representation, signaling, authentication and error detection required to send information over a communications channel.

An example of a simple communications protocol adapted to voice communication is the case of a radio dispatcher talking to mobile stations. The communication protocols for digital computer network communication have many features intended to ensure reliable interchange of data over an imperfect communication channel.

Communication protocol is basically following certain rules so that the system works properly.

== Network protocol design principle to create a set of common network protocol design principles. These principles include effectiveness, reliability, and resiliency.

This paragraph informally provides some examples of layers, some required functionalities, and some protocols that implement them, all from the realm of computing protocols.

At the lowest level, bits are encoded in electrical, light or radio signals by the Physical layer. Some examples include RS-232, SONET, and WiFi.

A somewhat higher Data link layer such as the point-to-point protocol (PPP) may detect errors and configure the transmission system.

An even higher protocol may perform network functions. One very common protocol is the Internet protocol (IP), which implements addressing for large set of protocols. A common associated protocol is the Transmission control protocol (TCP) which implements error detection and correction (by retransmission). TCP and IP are often paired, giving rise to the familiar abbreviation TCP/IP.

A layer in charge of presentation might describe how to encode text (ie: ASCII, or Unicode).
An application protocol like SMTP, may (among other things) describe how to inquire about electronic mail messages.

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